稀土产业分析报告及未来展望2025-10-02

1. Industry Background and Global Landscape

稀土元素（Rare Earth Elements, REE）是现代高端制造的“隐形支柱”，广泛用于新能源汽车电机、风力发电、国防装备、电子元件与半导体等核心领域。
Rare Earth Elements (REE) are the “invisible foundation” of modern advanced manufacturing, used in EV motors, wind turbines, defense systems, electronic components, and semiconductors.

截至2025年，全球稀土产业链依然高度集中于中国：
As of 2025, the global rare earth supply chain remains highly concentrated in China:

中国掌握约 60% 的全球稀土矿产资源开采能力；

China controls roughly 60% of global rare earth mining capacity;

分离精炼与提纯能力占全球约 80–85%；

It holds about 80–85% of global refining and separation capacity;

NdFeB 永磁体等高端磁材产能集中度超过 90%。

Over 90% of global NdFeB magnet production is based in China.

然而，随着中美战略竞争升级与供应链安全意识提升，稀土产业正在成为“去中国化”最典型的战场。
However, rising U.S.–China strategic tensions and supply-chain security concerns are transforming the rare earth sector into the most prominent “de-Sinicization” battlefield.