美国政府“降低进口，重建制造”趋势下，中国制造与装备企业的机会评估

如果把最近几个月的美国新闻放在一起看，会发现它们指向同一条主线：美国要的不再只是“从全球各地买货”，而是尽量在美国本土生产。

If we look at several major U.S. news stories from the last few months together, they clearly point to one main theme: the United States no longer wants to simply “buy from everywhere”; it increasingly wants to “produce at home.”

第一则，是关于关税的升级。2025 年，美国总统依据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA），对来自墨西哥和加拿大的全部进口商品加征 25% 额外关税（部分加拿大能源与矿产为 10%），并将此前对中国所有商品的 IEEPA 附加关税从 10% 提高到 20%，这些都叠加在原有关税基础之上。这意味着：不仅中国，连过去被视为“近岸制造基地”的墨西哥和加拿大，也被拉进了新一轮关税体系。

The first example is a new round of tariff escalation. In 2025, under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), the U.S. imposed an additional 25% tariff on all imports from Mexico and Canada (10% on certain Canadian energy and mineral products), and raised the IEEPA surcharge on all Chinese imports from 10% to 20%, on top of existing tariffs. This means that not only China but also Mexico and Canada—previously seen as “nearshoring hubs”—are being pulled into the new tariff regime.